gethostname
I tried using getmxrr() to validate the domain portion of email addresses in enquiry submission forms, and there is a curious effect with some top-level domains when checking non-existant domains.
With sdlkfjsdl.com, since the domain does not exist, getmxrr() returns false, as expected, and the returned mxhosts array is empty.
But with sdlkfjsdl.gov, getmxrr() returns true, and the returned mxhosts array contains one element: NULL
With sdlkfjsdl.org, getmxrr() returns true, and the returned mxhosts array contains one element: '0.0.0.0'
With sdlkfjsdl.co.uk, getmxrr() returns true and supplies one MX record: uk-net-wildcard-null-mx.centralnic.net
So to validate the email domain, it would seem one has to check the returned mxhosts array to exclude the possibility of mxhosts being returned as NULL, 0.0.0.0 and wildcard ...
getmxrr
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
getmxrr — 指定したインターネットホスト名に対応する MX レコードを取得する
説明
bool getmxrr
( string
$hostname
, array &$mxhosts
[, array &$weight
] )
hostname
に対応する MX レコードを DNS から探します。
パラメータ
-
hostname -
インターネットホスト名。
-
mxhosts -
見つかった MX レコードのリストが、配列
mxhostsに格納されます。 -
weight -
配列
weightを指定すると、 そこに重み情報が格納されます。
返り値
何かレコードが見つかった場合に TRUE、
何も見つからないかエラーが発生した場合に FALSE を返します。
変更履歴
| バージョン | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 5.3.0 | この関数は、Windows プラットフォームでも動作するようになりました。 |
注意
注意:
この関数をメールアドレスの確認の目的で使用すべきではありません。 DNS が検出したメールエクスチェンジャーを返すだけです。 しかし、» RFC 2821 によれば、 メールエクスチェンジャーがひとつも見つからなければ、
hostname自体が唯一のメールエクスチェンジャー であるとみなされ、その優先度は 0（最高）となります。
注意:
この関数が実装される前の Windows での互換性を保つには、 » PEAR の » Net_DNS クラスを試してみてください。
参考
- checkdnsrr() - 指定したインターネットホスト名もしくは IP アドレスに対応する DNS レコードを検索する
- dns_get_record() - ホスト名に関連する DNS リソースレコードを取得する
- gethostbyname() - インターネットホスト名に対応するIPv4アドレスを取得する
- gethostbynamel() - 指定したインターネットホスト名に対応するIPv4アドレスのリストを取得する
- gethostbyaddr() - 指定した IP アドレスに対応するインターネットホスト名を取得する
- named(8) のマニュアルページ
add a note
User Contributed Notes
getmxrr
Robert Imhoff
27-Mar-2011 06:21
php [spat] hm2k.org
06-Jan-2009 02:18
I decided to have a bash at this after doing a bit of research...
<?php
// getmxrr() support for Windows by HM2K <php [spat] hm2k.org>
function win_getmxrr($hostname, &$mxhosts, &$mxweight=false) {
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) != 'WIN') return;
if (!is_array ($mxhosts) ) $mxhosts = array();
if (empty($hostname)) return;
$exec='nslookup -type=MX '.escapeshellarg($hostname);
@exec($exec, $output);
if (empty($output)) return;
$i=-1;
foreach ($output as $line) {
$i++;
if (preg_match("/^$hostname\tMX preference = ([0-9]+), mail exchanger = (.+)$/i", $line, $parts)) {
$mxweight[$i] = trim($parts[1]);
$mxhosts[$i] = trim($parts[2]);
}
if (preg_match('/responsible mail addr = (.+)$/i', $line, $parts)) {
$mxweight[$i] = $i;
$mxhosts[$i] = trim($parts[1]);
}
}
return ($i!=-1);
}
// Define
if (!function_exists('getmxrr')) {
function getmxrr($hostname, &$mxhosts, &$mxweight=false) {
return win_getmxrr($hostname, $mxhosts, $mxweight);
}
}
/* example */
$domain='php.net';
echo "<pre>";
getmxrr($domain,$mxhosts,$mxweight);
print_r($mxhosts);
print_r($mxweight);
?>
feha at vision dot to
22-Nov-2008 06:29
On the example below if getmxrr does not exist it will try with fsockopen.
This way it works for windows without getmxrr ...
<?php
function validate_email($email)
{
//by Femi Hasani [www.vision.to]
if(!preg_match ("/^[\w\.-]{1,}\@([\da-zA-Z-]{1,}\.){1,}[\da-zA-Z-]+$/", $email))
return false;
list($prefix, $domain) = split("@",$email);
if(function_exists("getmxrr") && getmxrr($domain, $mxhosts))
{
return true;
}
elseif (@fsockopen($domain, 25, $errno, $errstr, 5))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
?>
Usefull and simple solution ...
else it can be added fisrt to check os and function than create a widows version of getmxrr ....
<?php
if(!defined("OS"))
{
@php_uname();//detect server OS
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN')
{
define("OS","WIN");//define OS contsant
} else {
define("OS","Other");
}
}
if(!function_exists("getmxrr") && OS == "WIN")
{
function getmxrr ()
{
your windows version ...
}
}
?>
Hope this helps ...
TZ at inpetho dot net
12-Dec-2007 10:35
If greylisting is installed on the mx host then he send a "451 4.7.1 Please try again later"
My code fragment:
<?php
//...
foreach ($mx_records as $mx_host) {
$code = CheckMX($mx_host, $eMail);
if ($code == 0) continue; // host not found
if ($code == 451) $code = CheckMX($mx_host, $eMail); // Greylisting
if ($code == 250) {
$ok = true;
break;
}
}
//...
function CheckMX($mx_host, $eMail)
{
$code = 0;
$fp = @fsockopen($mx_host, 25, $errno, $errstr, 2);
if ($fp) {
send_command($fp, 'HELO microsoft.com');
send_command($fp, 'MAIL FROM:<support@microsoft.com>');
$erg = send_command($fp, 'RCPT TO:<'.$eMail.'>');
fclose($fp);
$code = intval(substr($erg, 0, 3));
}
return $code;
}
//...
?>
Jay
11-Sep-2007 04:10
As stated, some of the code listed below will have trouble with multiple equal weights, such as if you query gmail.com. The following code will prevent that by switching the key/values.
<?php
// Get the records
getmxrr("gmail.com", $mx_records, $mx_weight);
// Put the records together in a array we can sort
for($i=0;$i<count($mx_records);$i++){
$mxs[$mx_records[$i]] = $mx_weight[$i];
}
// Sort them
asort ($mxs);
// Since the keys actually hold the data we want, just put those in an array, called records
$records = array_keys($mxs);
// Simply echoes all the stuff in the records array
for($i = 0; $i < count($records); $i++){
echo $records[$i];
echo '<br>';
}
?>
If you wanted to get the weight, you would use "array_values($mxs);" instead of "array_keys($mxs);".
Hope this helps some people.
tomhutter at web dot de
20-Oct-2006 12:50
Leonardt's code fails with multiple mx records with the same wight. You can easily change this by switching keys and values in the mxs array:
for($i=0;$i<count($mx_records);$i++){
$mxs[$mx_records[$i]] = $mx_weight[$i];
}
arsort ($mxs );
reset ($mxs);
while (list ($mx_host, $mx_weight) = each ($mxs) ) {
cheers
Tom
php dot net at oitc dot com
14-Oct-2006 05:28
This function has some strange side effects when dealing with aliases...
My function:
if (getmxrr($fqdn, $mx_records, $mx_weight)) {
// copy mx records and weight into array $mxs
// ignore multiple mx's at the same weight
for ($i = 0; $i < count($mx_records); $i++) {
$mxs[$mx_weight[$i]] = $mx_records[$i];
}
// sort array mxs to get servers with highest priority
ksort ($mxs, SORT_NUMERIC);
reset ($mxs);
} else {
// No MX so use A
$mxs[0]= $fqdn;
}
fails because a $fqdn containing an alias returns a true yet on return both $mx_records and $mx_weight contain nothing!
The solution until this gets fixed is to replace if (getmxrr($fqdn, $mx_records, $mx_weight)) with
// Handle aliases etc.
if ($result = getmxrr($fqdn, $mx_records, $mx_weight)) {
if(!isset($mx_records) || (count($mx_records) == 0)) $result = false;
}
// Process MXs
if ($result) {
Hope this helps others.... Tom
MagicalTux at ooKoo dot org
24-Sep-2006 07:59
If you want to use getmxrr on windows, be careful as choward AT fast DOT net DOT NO SPAM PLZ's function has a security flaw.
It passes its argument to an external command without escaping it. If you don't validate the input, someone may manage to run nasty things on your system.
Here's a fixed version (just added escapeshellarg())
<?php
function getmxrr($hostname, &$mxhosts)
{
$mxhosts = array();
exec('%SYSTEMDIRECTORY%\\nslookup.exe -q=mx '.escapeshellarg($hostname), $result_arr);
foreach($result_arr as $line)
{
if (preg_match("/.*mail exchanger = (.*)/", $line, $matches))
$mxhosts[] = $matches[1];
}
return( count($mxhosts) > 0 );
}//--End of workaround
//test..
getmxrr('yahoo.com', $mxhosts);
print_r($mxhosts);
?>
This way you'll avoid a lot of nasty things ;)
Lennart Poot(www.twing.nl)
07-Apr-2006 12:23
This script validates an e-mail adress using getmxrr and fsockopen
1. it validates the syntax of the address.
2. get MX records by hostname
3. connect mail server and verify mailbox(using smtp command RCTP TO:<email>)
When the function "validate_email([email])" fails connecting the mail server with the highest priority in the MX record it will continue with the second mail server and so on..
The function "validate_email([email])" returns 0 when it failes one the 3 steps above, it will return 1 otherwise
Grtz Lennart Poot
<?
function validate_email($email){
$mailparts=explode("@",$email);
$hostname = $mailparts[1];
// validate email address syntax
$exp = "^[a-z\'0-9]+([._-][a-z\'0-9]+)*@([a-z0-9]+([._-][a-z0-9]+))+$";
$b_valid_syntax=eregi($exp, $email);
// get mx addresses by getmxrr
$b_mx_avail=getmxrr( $hostname, $mx_records, $mx_weight );
$b_server_found=0;
if($b_valid_syntax && $b_mx_avail){
// copy mx records and weight into array $mxs
$mxs=array();
for($i=0;$i<count($mx_records);$i++){
$mxs[$mx_weight[$i]]=$mx_records[$i];
}
// sort array mxs to get servers with highest prio
ksort ($mxs, SORT_NUMERIC );
reset ($mxs);
while (list ($mx_weight, $mx_host) = each ($mxs) ) {
if($b_server_found == 0){
//try connection on port 25
$fp = @fsockopen($mx_host,25, $errno, $errstr, 2);
if($fp){
$ms_resp="";
// say HELO to mailserver
$ms_resp.=send_command($fp, "HELO microsoft.com");
// initialize sending mail
$ms_resp.=send_command($fp, "MAIL FROM:<support@microsoft.com>");
// try receipent address, will return 250 when ok..
$rcpt_text=send_command($fp, "RCPT TO:<".$email.">");
$ms_resp.=$rcpt_text;
if(substr( $rcpt_text, 0, 3) == "250")
$b_server_found=1;
// quit mail server connection
$ms_resp.=send_command($fp, "QUIT");
fclose($fp);
}
}
}
}
return $b_server_found;
}
function send_command($fp, $out){
fwrite($fp, $out . "\r\n");
return get_data($fp);
}
function get_data($fp){
$s="";
stream_set_timeout($fp, 2);
for($i=0;$i<2;$i++)
$s.=fgets($fp, 1024);
return $s;
}
// support windows platforms
if (!function_exists ('getmxrr') ) {
function getmxrr($hostname, &$mxhosts, &$mxweight) {
if (!is_array ($mxhosts) ) {
$mxhosts = array ();
}
if (!empty ($hostname) ) {
$output = "";
@exec ("nslookup.exe -type=MX $hostname.", $output);
$imx=-1;
foreach ($output as $line) {
$imx++;
$parts = "";
if (preg_match ("/^$hostname\tMX preference = ([0-9]+), mail exchanger = (.*)$/", $line, $parts) ) {
$mxweight[$imx] = $parts[1];
$mxhosts[$imx] = $parts[2];
}
}
return ($imx!=-1);
}
return false;
}
}
?>
jeff at pzenix dot com
08-Mar-2006 09:58
I should point out that the below example won't work with some domains (.co.uk, .org.uk, .net.uk for example) because it assumes (possibly incorrectly) that the format is [ DOMAIN ].[ EXT ].
off at NOSPAM dot abwesend dot de
11-Feb-2006 07:18
Concerning the message by 'rolf at rowi dot net' (do a check on a address containing a subdomain) we could use:
$email = 'abc@etpc01.trier.fh-rpl.de';
$strDot = '.';
$strAfterAt = substr(strstr($email, '@'), 1);
$chunks = explode($strDot, $strAfterAt);
$cntChunks = count($chunks) - 1;
$strDomain = $chunks[($cntChunks-1)] . $strDot . $chunks[$cntChunks];
if (!getmxrr( $strDomain, $mxhosts )) {
echo 'Mailserver not found';
}
// $strDomain is set to 'fh-rpl.de';
31-Aug-2005 08:16
nice function for validating email-adresses! Take care on "register globals" paramter.
http://www.zend.com/zend/spotlight/ev12apr.php
richard dot quadling at bandvulc dot co dot uk
25-May-2005 02:04
Windows alternative for getmxrr without the need for PEAR.
<?php
define('DEFAULT_GATEWAY', 'nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn');
if (!function_exists('getmxrr'))
{
/*
This function is a replacement for the missing Windows function getmxrr.
The parameters are the same as those for the normal getmxrr function.
The steps this function takes are :
1 - Use NSLOOKUP.EXE to get the MX records for the supplied Host.
2 - Use regular expressions to extract the mail servers and the preference.
3 - Sort the results by preference.
4 - Set the return arrays.
5 - Return true or false.
*/
function getmxrr($s_HostName, array &$a_MXHosts = NULL, array &$a_Weights = NULL)
{
// Simulate all the required network activity by executing windows' NSLOOKUP.
$s_NSLookup = shell_exec("nslookup -q=mx {$s_HostName} 2>nul");
preg_match_all("'^.*MX preference = (\d{1,10}), mail exchanger = (.*)$'simU", $s_NSLookup, $a_MXMatches);
// If there is something to return ...
if (count($a_MXMatches[2]) > 0)
{
// Produce output arrays if they have been requested.
$i_ArgCount = func_num_args();
if ($i_ArgCount > 1)
{
array_multisort($a_MXMatches[1], $a_MXMatches[2]);
switch ($i_ArgCount)
{
case 3 :
$a_Weights = $a_MXMatches[1];
case 2 :
$a_MXHosts = $a_MXMatches[2];
}
}
return True;
}
else
{
return False;
}
}
}
?>
You will need to know your default gateway (either it's IP address or its name).
To do this, run the program IPCONFIG /ALL at a cmd prompt and look for the Default Gateway.
Then replace the 'nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn' with the address.
Richard.
rune dot heggtveit at devzone dot progative dot com
23-Jan-2005 01:02
An other way to do mx-lookup on a windows platform.
Rewrote this from an other class i wrote for DNS lookup - so it might be a bit messy - but hope you get the idea.
Big thanks to the rfc community.
<?php
class mxlookup
{
var $dns_socket = NULL;
var $QNAME = "";
var $dns_packet= NULL;
var $ANCOUNT = 0;
var $cIx = 0;
var $dns_repl_domain;
var $arrMX = array();
function mxlookup($domain, $dns="192.168.2.1")
{
$this->QNAME($domain);
$this->pack_dns_packet();
$dns_socket = fsockopen("udp://$dns", 53);
fwrite($dns_socket,$this->dns_packet,strlen($this->dns_packet));
$this->dns_reply = fread($dns_socket,1);
$bytes = stream_get_meta_data($dns_socket);
$this->dns_reply .= fread($dns_socket,$bytes['unread_bytes']);
fclose($dns_socket);
$this->cIx=6;
$this->ANCOUNT = $this->gord(2);
$this->cIx+=4;
$this->parse_data($this->dns_repl_domain);
$this->cIx+=7;
for($ic=1;$ic<=$this->ANCOUNT;$ic++)
{
$QTYPE = ord($this->gdi($this->cIx));
if($QTYPE!==15){print("[MX Record not returned]"); die();}
$this->cIx+=9;
$mxPref = ord($this->gdi($this->cIx));
$this->parse_data($curmx);
$this->arrMX[] = array("MX_Pref" => $mxPref, "MX" => $curmx);
$this->cIx+=3;
}
}
function parse_data(&$retval)
{
$arName = array();
$byte = ord($this->gdi($this->cIx));
while($byte!==0)
{
if($byte==192) //compressed
{
$tmpIx = $this->cIx;
$this->cIx = ord($this->gdi($cIx));
$tmpName = $retval;
$this->parse_data($tmpName);
$retval=$retval.".".$tmpName;
$this->cIx = $tmpIx+1;
return;
}
$retval="";
$bCount = $byte;
for($b=0;$b<$bCount;$b++)
{
$retval .= $this->gdi($this->cIx);
}
$arName[]=$retval;
$byte = ord($this->gdi($this->cIx));
}
$retval=join(".",$arName);
}
function gdi(&$cIx,$bytes=1)
{
$this->cIx++;
return(substr($this->dns_reply, $this->cIx-1, $bytes));
}
function QNAME($domain)
{
$dot_pos = 0; $temp = "";
while($dot_pos=strpos($domain,"."))
{
$temp = substr($domain,0,$dot_pos);
$domain = substr($domain,$dot_pos+1);
$this->QNAME .= chr(strlen($temp)).$temp;
}
$this->QNAME .= chr(strlen($domain)).$domain.chr(0);
}
function gord($ln=1)
{
$reply="";
for($i=0;$i<$ln;$i++){
$reply.=ord(substr($this->dns_reply,$this->cIx,1));
$this->cIx++;
}
return $reply;
}
function pack_dns_packet()
{
$this->dns_packet = chr(0).chr(1).
chr(1).chr(0).
chr(0).chr(1).
chr(0).chr(0).
chr(0).chr(0).
chr(0).chr(0).
$this->QNAME.
chr(0).chr(15).
chr(0).chr(1);
}
}
?>
<?php
/* Exampe of use: */
$mx = new mxlookup("php.net");
print $mx->ANCOUNT." MX Records\n";
print "Records returned for ".$mx->dns_repl_domain.":\n<pre>";
print_r($mx->arrMX);
?>
Return:
02 MX Records Records returned for php.net:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[MX_Pref] => 15
[MX] => smtp.osuosl.org
)
[1] => Array
(
[MX_Pref] => 5
[MX] => osu1.php.net
)
)
rolf at rowi dot net
21-Jan-2005 06:36
Be aware that not just user@example.com ist a valid address, also user@subnet.example.com is valid (but maybe less common). Just got into trouble with this check...
Rolf
siclawrence at gmail dot com
04-Jan-2005 06:43
This code replicates online tools that let you check if an email address is valid. First it checks if the email format is correct, then looks up and prints the mx records. All nicely formatted with fancy words that in the end prints whether the email address valid or invalid.
<?php
$email = "email@domain.com";
print("Checking: $email<br>");
if (eregi("^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)+$", $email)) {
print("Format Test: PASSED<br>");
print("Online host verification Test...<br><br>");
print("MX Records for: $email<br>");
list($alias, $domain) = split("@", $email);
if (checkdnsrr($domain, "MX")) {
getmxrr($domain, $mxhosts);
foreach($mxhosts as $mxKey => $mxValue){
print(" $mxValue<br>");
}
print("Online host verification Test: PASSED<br><br>");
print("Email Status: VALID");
} else {
print(" No records found.<br>");
print("Online host verification Test: FAILED<br><br>");
print("Email Status: INVALID");
}
} else {
print("Format Test: FAILED<br><br>");
print("Invalid email address provided.<br><br>");
print("Email Status: INVALID");
}
?>
zorlac_man at hotmail dot com
14-May-2004 12:15
For some reason this and the other DNS lookup functions seem to be really slow on my Linux box. I've checked several things and have no explanation.
As a work-around, I gave in and just used a system call to dig:
<?php
CheckMX("fakedomain.org");
CheckMX("hotmail.com");
function CheckMX($domain) {
exec("dig +short MX " . escapeshellarg($domain),$ips);
if($ips[0] == "") {
print "MX record found for $domain not found!\n";
return FALSE;
}
print "MX Record for $domain found\n";
return TRUE;
}
?>
Output:
MX record found for fakedomain.org not found!
MX Record for hotmail.com found
As someone else pointed out, it is prudent to check to see if the TLD has an IP address if the MX record is not found.
ng4rrjanbiah at rediffmail dot com
26-Feb-2004 03:11
Here is a better workaround for Windows platform. Tested on Windows XP. Highly impressed by "geoffbrisbine A T y a h o o DOT c o m"'s idea of nslookup usage.
<?php
function getmxrr($hostname, &$mxhosts)
{
$mxhosts = array();
exec('nslookup -type=mx '.$hostname, $result_arr);
foreach($result_arr as $line)
{
if (preg_match("/.*mail exchanger = (.*)/", $line, $matches))
$mxhosts[] = $matches[1];
}
return( count($mxhosts) > 0 );
}//--End of workaround
//test..
echo getmxrr('yahoo.com', $mxhosts);
print_r($mxhosts);
?>
HTH,
R. Rajesh Jeba Anbiah
geoffbrisbine A T y a h o o DOT c o m
24-Sep-2002 09:39
I was pretty disappointed that the Win32 build of PHP doesn't incorporate getmxrr so, since I'm a naive newbie, I decided to hack together my own (and I stress hack). This has been tested on Win 2000 and Win XP. There's no reason this shouldn't work on Win NT but it will not work on Win 9x (you need the nslookup command). It will finish with the array $mx that will be a multidimensional array with the MX preference, host name and ip address. You can do a print_r ( $mx ) to see what it looks like.
-----------------------------------------------
<?php
$command = "nslookup -type=mx yahoo.com";
exec ( $command, $result );
$i = 0;
while ( list ( $key, $value ) = each ( $result ) ) {
if ( strstr ( $value, "mail exchanger" ) ) { $nslookup[$i] = $value; $i++; }
}
while ( list ( $key, $value ) = each ( $nslookup ) ) {
$temp = explode ( " ", $value );
$mx[$key][0] = $temp[3];
$mx[$key][1] = $temp[7];
$mx[$key][2] = gethostbyname ( $temp[7] );
}
array_multisort ( $mx );
?>
paul at start dot co dot uk
16-Jan-2001 12:48
Prevent your dns server from 'creating' a valid host name by appending the local domain to incomplete emails by appending to the domain a trailing . both in the pattern match and mx checks:
<?php
if (eregi("^[0-9a-z_]([-_.]?[0-9a-z])*@[0-9a-z][-.0-9a-z]*\\.[a-z]{2,3}[.]?$", $string, $check)) {
$host = substr(strstr($check[0], '@'), 1).".";
if ( getmxrr($host, $validate_email_temp) )
return TRUE;
// THIS WILL CATCH DNSs THAT ARE NOT MX.
if(checkdnsrr($host,"ANY"))
return TRUE;
}
?>